Biology
The study of living things
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the bodies of humans or animals
Botany
The study of plant life
Ecology
The study of how animals interact with their environments
Evolutionary biology
The study of the development of species over the course of history
Microbiology
The study of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses
Neurobiology
The study of the nervous system
Systems biology
A holistic study of the intricate interactions of biological systems
Engineering
The application of science, especially physics, to develop things
Aerospace engineering
The design and construction of air- and spacecrafts
Agricultural engineering
The design and creation of improved agricultural practices
Biological engineering (bioengineering)
The design and creation of life-improving products
Chemical engineering
The design and production of chemicals and chemical processes
Civil engineering
The design and construction of buildings and other infrastructure
Computer engineering
The use of hardware and software to design and develop computer programs
Electrical engineering
The design and application of the physics and mathematics of electricity, electromagnetism, and electronics to systems, equipment, and devices
Industrial engineering
The design and creation of improved systems within a certain industry
Mechanical engineering
The design and construction of mechanical systems and machines
Robotics
The design, construction, and use of programmable machines that automatically carry out complex actions
Software engineering (coined by Margaret Hamilton, of the Apollo space program)
The design and creation of computer software
Mathematics
The use and manipulation of numbers to represent, calculate, and understand the universe in which we live
Algebra
The study of non-number mathematical symbols
Arithmetic
The study and manipulation of numbers via the traditional operations (which are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division)
Calculus
The study of continuous mathematical change
Geometry
The study of the shape, size, positions, and properties of objects and space
Recreational
Mathematics conceptualized within puzzles, games, and other forms of play
Trigonometry
The study of the relationships between the side lengths and angles of triangles
Medicine
The study of disease, disorder, and injury
Anesthesiology
The study and use of substances that prevent patients from experiencing sensations before, during, and after surgery
Audiology
The study of hearing and balance
Epidemiology
The study and analysis of the demographics of disease
Gynecology
The study of the sexual and reproductive health of people with childbearing organs
Practiced by both gynecologists and midwifes
Immunology
The study of the immune system
Neurology
The study of nervous system disorders
Optometry
The study of the eyes
Pathology
The study of the causes and effects of disease
Pediatrics
The study of disease, disorder, and injury in children
Pharmacology
The study of drugs and their actions
Radiology
The medical specialty that uses nonvisible light waves and magnets to diagnose and treat disease or injury
Surgery
The use of manual tools to treat disease or injury in humans or animals. Usually, this consists of removing diseased parts, stitching injured parts back together, or adding parts, either synthetic or donated, like a pacemaker placement or an organ transplant.
Toxicology
The study of the effects of toxins and other chemicals on human and animal bodies
Veterinary medicine
The study of disease, disorder, and injury in animals
Physics
The study of energy, force, and matter and its motions
Astrophysics
The study of the physics of the universe
Biophysics
The study of the physical interactions of biological processes
Classical mechanics
The study of the motion of everyday and celestial objects
Crystallography
The study of crystal structures
Electromagnetism
The study of electrons, magnets, magnetic fields, and light interactions
Nuclear physics
The study of the nuclei, or center, of atoms
Optics
The study of light
Quantum mechanics
The study of the motion of atoms and subatomic particles
Relativistic mechanics
The study of extremely high speeds or extremely large masses on the motion of everyday and celestial objects
Thermodynamics
The study of the effects of temperature, pressure, and volume changes on everyday objects, and the transfer of energy as heat
Psychology
The study of human behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
Biological psychology
The study of the neural basis of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions in the brain
Clinical psychology
The applied study and treatment of harmful behaviors, thoughts and emotions of individual people
Cognitive psychology
The study of mental processes
Developmental psychology
The study of the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions of people over the course of a lifetime
Neuropsychology
The study of the physical structure and functioning of the brain in relation to behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
Positive psychology
The study of positive behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that lead to human flourishing in every dimension of life
Social Science
The study of society and the relationships between people as they relate to society
Anthropology
The study of humans, their behaviors, and their cultures
Education
The facilitation, acquisition, and distribution of knowledge, skills, and values for the benefit of the self and others
Journalism
The gathering of information, analysis, and reporting of global and local events
Linguistics
The study of language
Politics
Activities related to governing people
Sociology
The study of patterns in social relationships, interactions, cultures, society, and demographics
Trade
Trades are industries that rely as much on artistry as much as scientific knowledge. These workers are trained more in the methods and standards of their industries rather than broad theories and facts. A cultural myth of inferiority persists about these jobs simply because they don’t require a university education, however, tradespeople provide the support that is required for other professionals to do their jobs effectively, and the global economy would not function without them. These professions are licensed and regulated.
Artisans, in various industries
These tradespeople make goods for use in further manufacturing industries or directly by consumers
EG: Tool makers and jewelers
Assistants, in various industries
These tradespeople provide teamwork and support to professionals
EG: paramedics and legal secretaries
Construction
These tradespeople construct buildings and other infrastructure
EG: electricians and crane operators
Mechanics, in various industries
These tradespeople provide repairs and maintenance to machinery and vehicles
EG: car mechanic and farm equipment mechanic
Service providers
These tradespeople are professionals in their own right, providing many kinds of services, but are more artist than scientist
EG: phlebotomists and beauticians
